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2021. 01.

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The Honorable Christopher H. Smith Co-Chairman of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs United States of America

Dear Mr. Smith,

In my capacity as the Governor of Gyeonggi Province in the Republic of Korea, I would like to offer this letter regarding the new ¡®North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act¡¯ for your consideration.

Gyeonggi Province faces North Korea directly across the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The new North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act, which has recently drawn international attention, is a minimal device for protecting the lives, safety and property of residents in the border area, and a peaceful means by which to prevent unnecessary military confrontations with the North as well as further strain on inter-Korean relations.

Nevertheless, some members of the international community have expressed concern about this new act, impelling me to write this letter so as to explain why the act is necessary from the perspective of Gyeonggi Province.

The North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act is essential for the protection of the lives, safety and property of Gyeonggi residents.

(1) The Republic of Korea is a model democracy in East Asia that advocates and guarantees the basic human rights of individuals through its Constitution. Freedom of expression is also guaranteed to the fullest extent possible as a basic human right. Any authority or exercise of public power can be criticized, and issues related to North Korea are no exception in this regard.

However, freedom of expression is not guaranteed without limit; if it entails significant risk to the lives, safety and property of people, it shall be exercised in due balance and congruity with rights to life, safety and property.

(2) As is widely known, the Korean Peninsula saw the deaths of innumerable civilians and the devastation of the entire country during the Korean War, which broke out in 1950. On July 27, 1953, the two Koreas agreed to national division through the Korean Armistice Agreement. The war, however, has not yet ended, and Gyeonggi Province lies on this dangerous dividing line.

Under such circumstances, the dissemination of anti-Pyongyang leaflets is a very sensitive act with military repercussions that could lead to war. Of particular note, recently distributed anti-Pyongyang leaflets have primarily mocked and attacked certain personages, and are in fact intended to fuel tension and confrontation between the two Koreas.

When the North fired artillery rounds at anti-Pyongyang leaflet balloons released in October of 2014, the shells fell near Yeoncheon County in Gyeonggi Province, drawing counter-fire from the South. In February of 2016, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea acknowledged in a ruling the cause-and-effect relationship between the 2014 release of anti-Pyongyang leaflets and the threat to the lives and safety of residents, saying, ¡°The spread of anti-Pyongyang leaflets poses a pressing and serious risk to the lives and bodies of people living in and around the area.¡±

In June of this year, a bundle of anti-Pyongyang leaflets released by a North Korean defector group fell on a private residence in Uijeongbu City of Gyeonggi Province, resulting in severe damage to the roof of the structure. Thus, not only were the property rights of our residents violated, but so too was the potential for innocent casualties heightened.

Accordingly, the distribution of anti-Pyongyang leaflets in areas near the border, such as Paju City and Yeoncheon County, is an act that precipitates a real threat to the lives, safety and property of Gyeonggi residents. Whenever such leaflets are released, our residents suffer fear and trepidation, especially whenever the leaflets fall in the South and not the North, plagued by worries that the North will launch a counterattack that will impact their homes.

It is in this context that all residents of Gyeonggi Province welcome the passage of this recent act prohibiting the release of such leaflets.

(3) The North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act, recently passed by the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, is the result of a sad reality with the continuing pain of national division. The South and North have been engulfed in military conflict due to the anti-Pyongyang leaflets, and our residents are forced to suffer constant and unnecessary confrontations because of those who want to release such leaflets. Thus, the tragedy of the Korean Peninsula continues.

In this matter, some U.S. representatives have raised the issue of the North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act, and the United Nations Special Rapporteur on North Korean Human Rights has even requested the amendment of the act. These responses come without consideration of the aforementioned and sorrowful realities of the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, they have the high likelihood of violating the rightful and essential exercise of sovereignty needed to protect the lives, safety and property of South Koreans.

Is there anything more important than human life and peace?

The North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act serves to protect the lives, safety and property of the people living in the border area of Gyeonggi Province from the threats entailed by the release of leaflets. The North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act only constrains those actions that violate agreements between the South and North, including the release of leaflets, while advocating and guaranteeing freedom of expression for all people.

According to Article 19 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted by the United Nations, freedom of expression can be subject to restrictions by law if required to ensure the rights of others, protect national security, or safeguard public order.

It is an indispensable law that protects the lives, safety, and property of our residents. I believe that you, Excellency, who rigorously pursues international peace and human rights, will fully comprehend this situation in Gyeonggi Province.

(4) The North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act functions beyond being a minimal device to protect the lives, safety and property of the people of Gyeonggi Province, to restore trust between the Koreas through limited prohibition of acts that violate agreements between the South and North, thereby serving as a starting point for the resumption of long-stalled inter-Korean relations.

At the crossroads of either deepening the crisis and confrontation between the two Koreas by releasing leaflets or halting mutual recrimination to resolve conflicts peacefully, we have chosen the latter path for peace. Gyeonggi Province welcomes the North Korea Leaflet Prohibition Act and appeals to you, Excellency, to join us in the protection of the lives, safety and property of the people of Gyeonggi Province, thus advancing the cause of peace on the Korean Peninsula and throughout the world.

(5) Please accept sincerest congratulations on the launch of the Biden administration. We look forward to reciprocal and interactive relations between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America. Concurrently, please recall that the North Korea Leaflets Prohibition Act is not about freedom of expression, but instead about war and peace between people living in a divided country.

Respectfully,

Lee Jaemyung
Governor of Gyeonggi Province
Republic of Korea
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